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Show all sections the indian penal code, 1860 chapter i introduction chapter ii general explanations chapter iii of punishments chapter iv general exceptions of the right of private defense chapter v of abetment chapter va criminal conspiracy chapter vi of offences against the state chapter vii of offences relating to the army, navyand air force. IPC Pdf: it is nothing but Indian penal code Pdf provided by us in both Hindi English Languages. So Download IPC for your need in 2019. The first chapter covers the introduction and tells us the division of sections. The second chapter includes general explanations. The chapter three includes of punishments. The fourth chapter includes general exceptions.
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law. The code was drafted in 1860 on the recommendations of first law commission of India established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chairmanship of LordThomas Babington Macaulay.[1][2][3] It came into force in British India during the early British Raj period in 1862. However, it did not apply automatically in the Princely states, which had their own courts and legal systems until the 1940s. The Code has since been amended several times and is now supplemented by other criminal provisions.
After the partition of the British Indian Empire, the Indian Penal Code was inherited by its successor states, the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, where it continues independently as the Pakistan Penal Code. The Ranbir Penal Code (R.P.C) which is applicable in Jammu and Kashmir is also based on this Code, However, after the successful passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 in the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha respectively, the Ranbir Penal Code will be repealed on 31 October 2019, henceforth the Indian Penal Code will be extended in the region from the aforementioned date. After the separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan, the code continued in force there. The Code was also adopted by the British colonial authorities in Colonial Burma, Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), the Straits Settlements (now part of Malaysia), Singapore and Brunei, and remains the basis of the criminal codes in those countries.
History[edit]
The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay in 1834 and was submitted to Governor-General of India Council in 1835. Its basis is the law of England freed from superfluities, technicalities and local peculiarities. Elements were also derived from the Napoleonic Code and from Edward Livingston's Louisiana Civil Code of 1825. The first final draft of the Indian Penal Code was submitted to the Governor-General of India in Council in 1837, but the draft was again revised. The drafting was completed in 1850 and the Code was presented to the Legislative Council in 1856, but it did not take its place on the statute book of British India until a generation later, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The draft then underwent a very careful revision at the hands of Barnes Peacock, who later became the first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court, and the future puisne judges of the Calcutta High Court, who were members of the Legislative Council, and was passed into law on 6 October 1860.[4] The Code came into operation on 1 January 1862. Macaulay did not survive to see his masterpiece come into force, having died near the end of 1859.IPC is a generic and essentials form of the law commission
Objective[edit]Ipc Act
The objective of this Act is to provide a general penal code for India.[5] Though not the initial objective, the Act does not repeal the penal laws which were in force at the time of coming into force in India. This was done because the Code does not contain all the offences and it was possible that some offences might have still been left out of the Code, which were not intended to be exempted from penal consequences. Though this Code consolidates the whole of the law on the subject and is exhaustive on the matters in respect of which it declares the law, many more penal statutes governing various offences have been created in addition to the code.
Structure[edit]
The Indian Penal Code of 1860, sub-divided into 23 chapters, comprises 511 sections. The Code starts with an introduction, provides explanations and exceptions used in it, and covers a wide range of offences. The Outline is presented in the following table:[6]
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Controversies[edit]
Various sections of the Indian Penal Code are controversial. They are challenged in courts claiming as against the Constitution of India. Also there is demand for abolition of some controversial IPC sections completely or partially.
Unnatural Offences (Sodomy) - Section 377[edit]
Whoever, voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment of life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Explanation - Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offence described in this section.[7]
Attempt to Commit Suicide - Section 309[edit]
The Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code deals with an unsuccessful attempt to suicide. Attempting to commit suicide and doing any act towards the commission of the offence is punishable with imprisonment up to one year or with fine or with both. Considering long-standing demand and recommendations of the Law Commission of India, which has repeatedly endorsed the repeal of this section, the Government of India in December 2014 decided to decriminalise attempt to commit suicide by dropping Section 309 of IPC from the statute book. Though this decision found favour with most of the states, a few others argued that it would make law enforcement agencies helpless against people who resort to fast unto death, self-immolation, etc., pointing out the case of anti-AFSPA activist Irom Chanu Sharmila.[12] In February 2015, the Legislative Department of the Ministry of Law and Justice was asked by the Government to prepare a draft Amendment Bill in this regard.[13]
In an August 2015 ruling, the Rajasthan High Court made the Jain practice of undertaking voluntary death by fasting at the end of a person's life, known as Santhara, punishable under sections 306 and 309 of the IPC. This led to some controversy, with some sections of the Jain community urging the Prime Minister to move the Supreme Court against the order.[14][15]On 31 August 2015, the Supreme Court admitted the petition by Akhil Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Parishad and granted leave. It stayed the decision of the High Court and lifted the ban on the practice.
Adultery - Section 497[edit]
The Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code has been criticised on the one hand for allegedly treating woman as the private property of her husband, and on the other hand for giving women complete protection against punishment for adultery.[16][17] This section was unanimously struck down on 27th September 2018 by a five judge bench of the Supreme Court in case of Joseph Shine v. Union of India as being unconstitutional and demeaning to the dignity of women. Adultery continues to be a ground for seeking divorce in a Civil Court, but is no longer a criminal offence in India.
Death penalty (Capital Punishment)[edit]
Sections 120B (criminal conspiracy), 121 (war against the Government of India), 132 (mutiny), 194 (false evidence to procure conviction for a capital offence), 302, 303 (murder), 305 (abetting suicide), 364A (kidnapping for ransom), 364A (banditry with murder), 376A (rape) have death penalty as punishment. There is ongoing debate for abolishing capital punishment.[18]
Criminal justice reforms[edit]
In 2003, the Malimath Committee submitted its report recommending several far-reaching penal reforms including separation of investigation and prosecution (similar to the CPS in the UK) to streamline criminal justice system.[19] The essence of the report was a perceived need for shift from an adversarial to an inquisitorial criminal justice system, based on the Continental European systems.
Amendments[edit]
The Code has been amended several times.[20][21]
Acclaim[edit]
The Code is universally acknowledged as a cogently drafted code, ahead of its time. It has substantially survived for over 150 years in several jurisdictions without major amendments. Nicholas Phillips, Justice of Supreme Court of United Kingdom applauded the efficacy and relevance of IPC while commemorating 150 years of IPC.[22] Modern crimes involving technology unheard of during Macaulay's time fit easily within the Code[citation needed] mainly because of the broadness of the Code's drafting.
Cultural references[edit]
Some references to specific sections (called dafa'a in Hindi-Urdu, دÙØ¹Û or दफ़à¤/दफ़ा) of the IPC have entered popular speech in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. For instance, con men are referred to as 420s (chaar-sau-bees in Hindi-Urdu) after Section 420 which covers cheating.[23] Similarly, specific reference to section 302 ('tazÄ«rÄt-e-Hind dafÄ tÄ«n-sau-do ke tehet sazÄ-e-maut', 'punishment of death under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code'), which covers the death penalty, have become part of common knowledge in the region due to repeated mentions of it in Bollywood movies and regional pulp literature.[24][25]Dafa 302 was also the name of a Bollywood movie released in 1975.[26] Similarly, Shree 420 was the name of a 1955 Bollywood movie starring Raj Kapoor.[27] and Chachi 420 was a Bollywood movie released in 1997 starring Kamal Haasan.[28]
See also[edit]References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Penal_Code&oldid=919799310'
Contents
IPC Pdf: it is nothing but Indian penal code Pdf provided by us in both Hindi English Languages. So Download IPC for your need in 2019. The first chapter covers the introduction and tells us the division of sections. the second chapter includes general explanations. the chapter three includes of punishments. the fourth chapter includes general exceptions. There are 23 chapters in IPC.
Indian Penal Code
Here you will get all the terms in the IPC pdf: 406 ipc, 323 ipc, ipc 233, 420 ipc, ipc 420, 307 ipc, ipc 307, ipc bare act, ipc full form, ipc 302, ipc in hindi, ipc 504, ipc 406, 306 ipc, ipc 34, ipc 304, 379 ipc, 279 ipc etc.
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The indian penal code arrangement of sections
The first chapter of IPC Pdf covers the introduction and tells us the division of sections
First: Title and extent of operation of the Code.
Second: Punishment of offences committed within India.
Third: penalisation of offences committed on the far side, but which by law may be tried within, India.
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Fourth: Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences.
Fifth: Certain laws not to be affected by this Act.
The second chapter of IPC Pdf includes general explanations
Definitions within the Code to be understood subject to exceptions. Sense of expression once explained. Gender. Number. âManâ âWomanâ. âPersonâ. âPublicâ. âServant of Governmentâ. âGovernmentâ. âIndiaâ. âJudgeâ. âCourt of Justiceâ. âPublic servantâ. âMoveable propertyâ. âWrongful gainâ.âWrongful lossâ. Gaining wrongfully/ Losing wrongfully. âDishonestlyâ. âFraudulentlyâ. âReason to believeâ. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant. âCounterfeitâ. âDocumentâ. âElectronic recordâ. âValuable securityâ. âA willâ. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions. âActâ.âOmissionâ. Acts done by many persons in furtherance of common intention. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being through with a criminal information or intention. Effect caused partially by act and partially by omission. Co-operation by doing one amongst many acts constituting an offence. Persons involved in criminal act is also guilty of various offences. âVoluntarilyâ. âOffenceâ. âSpecial lawâ. âLocal lawâ. âIllegalâ. âLegally bound to doâ. âInjuryâ. âLifeâ. âDeathâ. âAnimalâ. âVesselâ. âYearâ.âMonthâ. âSectionâ.âOathâ. âGood faithâ. âHarborâ
The chapter three of IPC Pdf includes of punishments
Punishments. Construction of reference to transportation. Commutation of sentence of death. Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life. Definition of âappropriate Governmentâ. Fractions of terms of punishment.
Sentence is also (in bound cases of imprisonment) totally or partially rigorous of easy. Amount of fine.
Indian Penal Code Pdf In Hindi
Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine. Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable. Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine. Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, once offence punishable with fine solely. Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional a part of fine. Fine livable within six years, of during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability.
Limit of penalization of offence created of many offences. Punishment of person guilty of 1 of many offences, the judgment stating that is doubtful of which. Solitary confinement. Limit of solitary confinement. Enhanced penalization for sure offences underneath Chapter XII or Chapter XVII once previous. conviction.
General exceptions
The fourth chapter of IPC Pdf includes general exceptions
The Act done by someone sure, or by mistake of reality basic cognitive process himself sure, by law.Another Act of Judge when acting judicially. Another Act done consistent to the judgment or order of Court. Act done by someone even, or by mistake of reality basic cognitive process himself even, by law. Any Accident in doing a lawful act. Act possible to cause hurt, however refrained from criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
The Act of a toddler underneath seven years getting on. Act of a toddler on top of seven and underneath twelve of immature understanding. Another Act of a person of unsound mind. Act of someone incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his can. Offence requiring a specific intent or information committed by one who is intoxicated. The Act not supposed and not familiar to be possible to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent. Another Act not supposed to cause death, done by consent in honestness for personâs profit. The Act wiped out honestness for advantage of kid or insane person, by or by consent of guardian.
Provisos. Consent familiar to incline underneath worry or idea. The Consent of insane person.
Consent of child. Exclusion of acts that are offences severally of hurt caused. Act wiped out honestness for advantage of someone while not consent. Provisos. Communication made in good faith. Act to that someone is compelled by threats. Act causing slight harm. Of the proper non-public|of personal} Defense Things wiped out private defence. Right of personal defence of the body and of property. Right of personal defence against the act of someone of unsound mind. etc. Acts against that thereâs no right of personal defence. Extent to which the right may be exercised. When the proper of personal defence of the body extends to inflicting death. When such right extends to inflicting any hurt apart from death. Commencement and continuance of the proper of personal defence of the body. When the proper of personal defence of property extends to inflicting death. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death. Commencement and continuance of the proper of personal defence of property. Right of personal defence against deadly assault once thereâs risk of hurt to innocent person.
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